A report released by the Government Accountability Office reveals disclosure reporting terminology and reporting requirements are a challenge for some lobbyists. The 2010 Lobbying Disclosure Observations on Lobbyists’ Compliance with Disclosure Requirements also found some lobbyists lacked clarity in determining what constitutes a lobbying activity versus a non-lobbying activity. Generally, however, the findings in the report, which were substantially the same as prior reports, show lobbyists as a whole complying with disclosure and reporting requirements.

The GAO is required by law to prepare reports determining the efficacy of lobbying compliance and reporting, and identify any challenges to compliance. This is their fourth report.

Q: I am a registered lobbyist.  Can a company executive and/or expert accompany me to meetings with public officials without needing to register?

A:  In most instances, individuals are not “insulated” from registration by engaging in lobbying activities in the presence of a registered lobbyist.  California is an example of an exception to this rule.  In California, an individual does not engage in direct communication when he meets or speaks with a qualifying official in the company of a registered lobbyist retained by the individual’s employer, or by a bona fide trade association or membership organization of which the individual’s employer is a member.

The answer will to depend on the jurisdiction’s registration thresholds. Often times, executives and experts will not have to register because their involvement will not meet the compensation, time, or expenditure threshold in the given jurisdiction.  For example, in Connecticut, the expert would have to receive $2,000 in compensation in a calendar year before having to register.  A one-time meeting with public officials would probably not exceed this threshold.  Likewise, in Massachusetts, there is a statutory presumption that an individual is not a lobbyist if he spends 25 hours or less and receives less than $2,500 for lobbying efforts during any semi-annual reporting period.

The context and content of the conversation are also important in determining whether registration is required.  If the executive and/or expert are merely providing testimony at a public hearing, most often this will not be considered lobbying and he will not be required to register.  In some cases, as in Arizona, there are exceptions for individuals providing technical information to public officials.

It is always important to remember the “title” of the person is not relevant in determining whether he or she needs to register as a lobbyist in any given jurisdiction.

You can directly submit questions for this feature, and we will select those most appropriate and answer them here. Send your questions to: marketing@stateandfed.com.

(We are always available to answer questions from clients that are specific to your needs, and we encourage you to continue to call or e-mail us with questions about your particular company or organization. As always, we will confidentially and directly provide answers or information you need.) Our replies to your questions are not legal advice. Instead, these replies represent our analysis of laws, rules, and regulations.

This law, taking effect on July 1, 2011, requires lobbyist registration and reporting only with the legislative branch.

Lobbyists will indicate on this registration whether they will also engage in lobbying executive officials.

Employer reports will still be due each July 31^st.

Photo of Governor Branstad courtesy of the official website for the Office of the Governor.

House File 126 has passed both houses of the Iowa Legislature and now awaits approval from Governor Terry Branstad.

This bill would change the state’s law to require lobbyists to register and report with the legislative branch only; currently there is separate registration and reporting for the legislative and executive branches.

Lobbyists would indicate on the registrations whether they will lobby executive officials in addition to lawmakers. Lobbyists would have a combined annual report due each July 31st and registration would open in December for the following calendar year.

Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam has signed into law Senate Bill 1227, which revises the filing dates for lobbyist employer disclosure reports.

The bill requires that employer disclosure reports be filed within 45 days of June 30 and December 31.

The new law takes effect July 1, 2011, with the first employer disclosure report under the new law covering the time period from April 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 having a filing deadline of February 14, 2012.

Photo of Governor Bill Haslam courtesy of the Tennessee Governor’s website.

House Bill 3653, a bill concerning lobbyist registration fees, was brought before the House Appropriations Committee on Monday, April 18, 2011, as the bill moves closer to a vote before the full House.

The bill would provide for lobbyist registration fees of up to $1,000; however, lobbyist registration fees of up to $200 would be assessed if the lobbyist is employed by a 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) organization.

If passed, the bill provides for an effective date of September 1, 2011.

Photo of the Texas State Capitol by LoneStarMike on Wikipedia.

The Georgia General Assembly adjourned late Thursday, April 14, 2011. Among the measures passed on the final legislative day was Senate Bill 160, requiring lobbyist reporting of expenditures made on behalf or for the benefit of a public employee for the purpose of influencing a public officer. The measure will now be sent to the desk of Governor Nathan Deal for his signature.

Senate Bill 160 was amended earlier in the week to close a loophole in state ethics law made public after Advisory Opinion 2011-03, released by the Georgia Government Transparency and Campaign Finance Commission, concluded state law did not require the reporting of such expenditures.

The final semi-monthly disclosure report for state level lobbyists will be due May 1, 2011. Further, the first monthly disclosure report for state level lobbyists will be due June 5, 2011.

Photo of the Georgia State Capitol dome by Connor.carey on Wikipedia.

This ethics bill, which takes effect on July 1, 2011, prohibits members of the state legislature, elected executive branch officials, agency heads, and certain other appointed officials from acting as lobbyists for one year after leaving office.

Additionally, this legislation will require a public official who files financial disclosure statements to reveal employment information and other “business interests” of his or her spouse.

The spousal disclosures are designed to shine light on additional conflicts of interest an official may have even without a personal stake in a matter.

Photo of the West Virginia State Capitol by Garkeith on Wikipedia.

The Georgia House of Representatives voted Tuesday to close a loophole in the state ethics law concerning expenditures made on behalf or for the benefit of public employees.

The House voted to amend Senate Bill 160 to add provisions requiring lobbyist reporting of expenditures made on behalf or for the benefit of a public employee for the purpose of influencing a public officer after Advisory Opinion 2011-03, released by the Georgia Government Transparency and Campaign Finance Commission, concluded state law did not require the reporting of such expenditures.

The bill must now return to the Senate for a vote on the House amendment.

Photo of the Georgia State Capitol dome by Connor.carey on Wikipedia.

Q. If I receive an invoice from my contract lobbyist for services rendered during one reporting period, but I do not make payment on the invoice until the next reporting period, how do I know when to accurately report the payment?

A. You need to determine whether your particular state uses the cash or accrual method of disclosure.

The cash method is based on when money is actually transacted; in other words, when funds in point of fact change hands from client to contract lobbyist.  In direct contrast to the cash method, the accrual method focuses on the obligation to pay as opposed to when funds actually change hands. Essentially, when you receive the invoice from your contract lobbyist, you are obligated to pay.

So which date do you use for reporting purposes?  Is it the date you actually mail the check to the contract lobbyist, or the date you receive the invoice?  These rarely, if ever, occur on the same date and therein lies the issue:  what happens when these dates fall in different reporting periods?

Some states, such as Tennessee and Texas, specifically provide by statute or rule the method of disclosure that should be followed.  When the law is silent, the most prudent thing to do is call the disclosure office for that particular jurisdiction and get an answer.  Be sure to take the name and title of the person you spoke with and keep it in your records.  You may often hear, “It doesn’t matter; report the expense however you choose.”  This sounds great, but in reality is very frustrating. Whichever method you choose, be consistent. If you decide upon the cash method, document that and use it for all future reports.

When it comes to your contract lobbyists, be sure they are using the disclosure method required by law. This can be important in an audit when the state looks to see if your report aligns with the contract lobbyist’s report.  If the method is optional, discuss with your contract lobbyist which method they intend to use and be consistent.

You can directly submit questions for this feature, and we will select those most appropriate and answer them here. Send your questions to: marketing@stateandfed.com.

(We are always available to answer questions from clients that are specific to your needs, and we encourage you to continue to call or e-mail us with questions about your particular company or organization. As always, we will confidentially and directly provide answers or information you need.) Our replies to your questions are not legal advice. Instead, these replies represent our analysis of laws, rules, and regulations.

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) has released a report stating that, with a small percentage of exceptions, most lobbyists comply with the federal lobbying disclosure laws.

Here is the full text of the report from the GAO.

For a good summary of the report, read Roll Call’s article “GAO: K Street Largely Complying With Disclosure Rules” by Alex Knott.

The Roll Call article noted that the annual report to Congress is required as part of the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act. The scope of the results included analysis of disclosure reports for the fourth quarter 2009 and the first three quarters of 2010.

News You Can Use Editor Jim Sedor pointed me in the direction of a news item from Providence, Rhode Island. A new ordinance there requires lobbyists to register with City Hall (including a fee), to get a photo ID, and to file quarterly reports. In response, the ACLU of Rhode Island offered a statement saying the ordinance could chill free speech. The issue may go to court.

The article offers the following quote:

“Despite the good and sincere intentions underlying this proposal, we believe it will deter and chill robust community advocacy,” said ACLU Executive Director Steven Brown. “We understand the City’s interest in promoting transparency in government, but this ordinance is not a proper way to achieve that goal.”

For the full article, read: “ACLU Says New City Law Has ‘Chilling Effect’ on Free Speech” by Stephen Beale, on GoLocalProv.com.

Here is the March 21 news release from the ACLU.

State and Federal Communications Research Associate George Ticoras reported on the new ordinance last week in “Providence Creates Lobbying Registration Law” on Lobby Comply.

Photo of Providence skyline by boliyou on Wikipedia.

Providence has passed a new lobbyist registration law. The Lobbyist Disclosure Ordinance requires registration before the first lobbying activity. Online registration will be an available option. Each lobbyist will receive an ID badge with his or her name, photograph, identifying information, and the name of each client being represented.

There is a $150 filing fee for lobbyists employed by entities with budgets over $250,000. Otherwise, the filing fee is $25. Lobbyists and employers will be required to file quarterly reports, and a final report in January detailing all expenses and compensation for the previous calendar year.

Penalties include fines up to $250 a day, up to a maximum of $25,000 per calendar year, and a prohibition of lobbying the city until the following year or until compliance is established. The ordinance takes effect May 16.

Photo of the Providence City Hall by Anatoli Lvov.

Governor Deal signed House Bill 232 on Tuesday, March 15, 2011. The law, which is effective retroactively to January 10, 2011, redefines the term “lobbyist” to require a person to be compensated specifically for lobbying activities before being required to register and report as a lobbyist. Also, a person is now only deemed a “lobbyist” if more than 10 percent of his or her working hours are spent engaged in lobbying activities.

A “lookback” period is included for each calendar month, requiring lobbyist registration and an initial disclosure report within five days if at the end of any month a person has met the 10 percent test. Further, the expenditure triggers for lobbyist registration have been increased from $250 to $1,000.

Additionally, lobbyists are granted a grace period of three business days in filing all disclosure reports. Finally, persons who are employed as bona fide salespersons are exempt from regulation as vendor lobbyists.

Photo of the dome of the Georgia State Capitol by Connor.carey on Wikipedia.