On April 3, five by-elections will be held for the Canadian House of Commons. On February 22, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced four by-elections for the electoral districts of Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Calgary Heritage and Calgary Midnapore, Alberta, and Markham—Thornhill, Ontario. Trudeau had previously announced on February 19 a by-election would be held for the electoral district of Ottawa—Vanier, Ontario.

The vacancies requiring the by-elections came about for different reasons. Last year, former prime minister Stephen Harper and member of Parliament(MP) Jason Kenney resigned from their House of Commons seat representing electoral districts Calgary Heritage and Calgary Midnapore, respectively.

The seats for electoral districts Saint-Laurent and Markham-Thornhill were left vacant last month after ministers Stephane Dion and John McCallum were named to diplomatic posts, according to the Globe and Mail. The seat representing electoral district Ottawa-Vanier became vacant when MP Mauril Belanger died last year from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper has called for federal elections to take place on October 19, 2015.

Calling for an election during the summer is an unusual move in Canadian politics, creating the longest campaign period since 1874. Some view it as a move to ensure Harper’s Conservative Party stays in power as it will likely be the only party to have raised enough money to spend the maximum amount allowed by law.

The Conservative Party has been in power since 2006, winning two elections thereafter and gaining a majority in the House of Commons in 2011.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is investigating allegations of illegal lobbying by a former senior adviser to Prime Minister Stephen Harper in connection with work for an energy advocacy group in Calgary. The RCMP says after Bruce Carson left the Office of the Prime Minister (PMO) he was paid for his top level involvement with federal contacts and to influence a new national energy strategy.

As a past senior adviser to Harper, Carson is subject to a five-year ban on lobbying under the Lobbying Act.

Lobbying Commissioner Karen Shepherd initiated a probe of Carson’s lobbying activities for the Canada School of Energy and Environment and a business-funded group called the Energy Policy Institute of Canada (EPIC). Shepherd referred the allegations to the RCMP in July 2012.

EPIC’s lawyers assumed the group would be in compliance if Carson’s job description was to communicate “for the purpose of information exchange and not to represent EPIC’s view, opinion, or to ask for a decision from government.”