Legislation affecting lobbying was introduced this week in both the Senate and House.

Senate Bill 2896 would require lobbyists to disclose any conviction for bribery, extortion, embezzlement, illegal kickbacks, tax evasion, fraud, conflicts of interest, making false statements, perjury, or money laundering.

A rather ambitious House bill aimed at restoring trust in Congress would impose a lifetime ban on lobbying for members.

House Bill 5946 would also prohibit members of Congress from being paid if Congress has not approved a budget on a timely basis; eliminate automatic pay adjustments; prohibit first-class airline accommodations; and prohibit House consideration of measures lacking demonstrable bipartisan support.

Among the provisions in the 2,232-page federal 2018 spending bill passed by the U.S. House today were sections affecting campaign finance.

One provision of the bill prohibits the Internal Revenue Service from issuing, revising, or finalizing any regulation, revenue ruling, or other guidance relating to the standard used to determine whether an organization is operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare for purposes of section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

The prohibition includes not implementing proposed regulations from 2013 that sought to provide guidance to tax-exempt social welfare organizations concerning political activities related to candidates that would not be considered to promote social welfare.

Additionally, the bill prohibits the executive branch from requesting “a determination with respect to the treatment” of a tax-exempt 501(c) organization.

Another provision of the bill prohibits the federal government from recommending or requiring any entity submitting an offer for a federal contract to disclose, as a condition of submitting the offer, any payment consisting of a contribution, expenditure, independent expenditure, or disbursement for an electioneering communication made by the entity, its officers or directors, or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries to federal candidates and political committee.

U.S. Sen. Thad Cochran is retiring because of ill health on April 1.

Gov. Phil Bryant has 10 days after receiving an official notice of the vacancy to temporarily appoint a replacement until a successor is elected.

Bryant has yet to choose a replacement for the vacant seat. The special election will be held on November 6.

U.S. Rep. Louise Slaughter, known as a champion for women’s rights, passed away on March 16, 2018.

Slaughter served as a U.S. Rep. for New York’s 25^th District for over three decades.

Gov. Andrew Cuomo may call a special election to fill the remainder of her term.

Slaughter’s term expires at the end of 2018.

On March 1, a bill was introduced in the U.S. Senate to amend the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA).

Included in the bipartisan bill, the Foreign Agents Registration Amendments Act, are the creation of an enforcement unit in the National Security Division and updates to civil and criminal enforcement procedures. The legislation also creates a definition for the term ‘‘operative of a foreign government.”

Additionally, the bill would call for self-identification of registered individuals when meeting with members of congress or their staff.

Specifically, the bill states, “It shall be unlawful for any agent of a foreign principal registered under [FARA] to fail to disclose before or during any meeting with a member of Congress or staff of a member of Congress that the agent has registered under [FARA].’’

The bill was introduced by Republican Senators Todd Young and John Cornyn and Democratic Senators Dianne Feinstein and Jeanne Shaheen.

A bill introduced this month in the U.S. House of Representatives would require presidential inaugural committees to file disbursement reports with the Federal Election Commission. The initial report would be due 90 days after the date of the presidential inaugural ceremony, with subsequent reports due not later than 60 days after each date by which the committee makes disbursements in an aggregate amount of $100,000 or more.

House Resolution 5008 also prohibits committees from disbursing funds for purposes unrelated to the inauguration of the president. If any leftover funds of the committee remain available at the time of the termination of the committee, the committee must donate those funds to a 501(c)(3) of its choice.

Rep. Kurt Schrader, who introduced the legislation, said in a press release, “We have laws that regulate campaign finance and political action committees. But there is nothing on the books to dictate how money for the presidential inaugural committee, which is raised under the name of the president of the United States, can or cannot be spent. That’s wildly unacceptable.”

On February 8, Rep. Bennie G. Thompson introduced a bill to establish a contractor review process with respect to disaster relief contracts valued at over $1 million.

The covered contracts are defined in the bill as contracts for goods and services awarded in response to a major disaster or emergency declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act and valued in an amount equal to or exceeding $1 million.

The reviews would be conducted by the administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. After being introduced, the bill, House Resolution 4995, was referred to the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

On February 8, President Donald J. Trump announced his nomination of Emory A. Rounds III to be Director of the Office of Government Ethics (OGE). The position has been vacant since July 2017 when then Director Walter Shaub resigned after repeatedly questioning various possible conflicts of interests of President Trump and of members of the president’s White House staff.

Rounds is currently an associate counsel with the OGE and has been with the agency since 2009. Rounds was previously an ethics counsel on the White House Counsel’s staff for George W. Bush’s administration, served in the ethics office at the U.S. Department of Commerce, and served in the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General’s Corps, according to the White House press release.

Rounds earned his J.D. at the University of Akron School of Law. The term of the appointment is five years.

On January 9, Sen. Rob Portman introduced a bill to monitor federal agencies’ procurement practices in order to ensure products manufactured in the U.S. are given priority.

Senate Bill 2284, the BuyAmerican.gov Act of 2018, creates an online portal called BuyAmerican.gov, which would monitor all federal contracts and grants for any waivers of statutory or regulatory requirements to buy from U.S. sourced suppliers. The website would be maintained by the U.S. General Services Administration and list each requested waiver.

The bipartisan bill is currently cosponsored by fellow Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham, and Sen. Sherrod Brown and Sen. Christopher Murphy, both of the Democratic Party. “Taxpayer dollars should support American-made products, and our federal agencies should lead the way in promoting U.S. jobs and products,” said Senator Brown, according to Portman’s press release.

On November 28, a court upheld the federal contribution limits set for primary and general elections. In Holmes v. Federal Election Commission, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held the per-election structure of the Federal Election Campaign Act’s base contribution ceilings for individuals is constitutional.

Federal law allows individuals to contribute to a federal candidate in the amount of $2,600 per primary election and $2,600 per general election. The plaintiffs had argued individuals should be permitted to give $5,200 to candidates for a general election campaign by not making any contributions at all in a primary election and by carrying over the $2,600 they could have donated for that candidate’s primary election.

In its decision, the court wrote, “The question before us is whether Congress could choose a per-election format consistent with the First Amendment, not whether it had to do so. Congress’s choice in that regard was a constitutionally permissible one.”

On October 31, identical bills were introduced in both houses of the U.S. Congress to strengthen the laws and penalties concerning lobbyists serving as the agents of foreign principals.

Senate Bill 2039 and House Bill 4170 amend the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (FARA) in order to provide the U.S. Attorney General with greater authority to investigate alleged violations of FARA and bring increased criminal and civil actions against persons committing such violations.

If the legislation passes, an exemption from registering and filing disclosure reports under FARA established in Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 would be eliminated. Additionally, the Department of Justice would be empowered to demand documents and testimony when investigating alleged violations of compliance.

The pair of bills were introduced by Sen. Chuck Grassley and Rep. Mike Johnson.

On October 19, two bipartisan bills allowing increased monitoring of online political advertising were introduced in the U.S. Congress. Companion bills House Resolution 4077, The Honest Ads Act, and Senate Bill 1989 direct the Federal Election Commission to enact rules for online advertisements similar to currents rules for television and radio. Larger digital platforms would be required to make available to the public requests to run political advertisements costing more than $500.

The bills were introduced by U.S. Representatives Derek Kilmer and Mike Coffman and Senators Amy Klobuchar, Mark Warner, and John McCain in response to “revelations that a Russian company purchased upwards of 3,000 political advertisements on Facebook in an effort to influence the 2016 Presidential election,” according to a press release by Kilmer.

“Our bipartisan bill makes sure our laws are as up to date as the latest technology, and makes it harder for foreign actors to use the internet to attack our democracy,” Kilmer said in his press release.

Rep. Pat Tiberi of Ohio announced his intention to resign from the U.S. House of Representatives by January 31, 2018.

In a statement, Tiberi said he has been offered the opportunity to lead the Ohio Business Roundtable.

The Ohio Revised Code states that the governor “shall issue a writ of election directing that a special election be held to fill such vacancy” once the vacancy has become official.

Tiberi was first elected to Congress in November 2000.

On September 15, the head of the Office of Government Ethics (OGE) said in an interview with Politico anonymous contributions to legal defense funds of federal employees are prohibited. David Apol, the acting director of the OGE, told Politico the policy had not changed, even though the note on a guidance document had been changed earlier this year.

In 1993, the OGE issued an opinion letter holding a fund established for the benefit of a government employee to pay the employee’s legal expenses, while administered by a person having no connection with the employee’s official duties, could accept anonymous contributions. The OGE guidance letter is not legally binding.

Walter Shaub, then director of the OGE, instructed his staff in May of this year to add a one-sentence note to the top of the document signaling the OGE’s long standing internal practice had diverged from the formal guidance, according to Politico. The note read in all caps and a red font, “NOTE: SOME STATEMENTS IN THIS OPINION ARE NOT CONSISTENT WITH CURRENT OGE INTERPRETATION AND PRACTICE.”

Subsequently, after Shaub left the OGE, the document’s note was changed to read, again in all caps and a red font, “NOTE: THE PRIMARY FINDING ABOUT THE LIMITED APPLICABILITY OF 18 U.S.C. §209 TO PAYMENTS MADE FOR AN EMPLOYEE’S LEGAL EXPENSES HAS NOT CHANGED. HOWEVER, BECAUSE EACH ANALYSIS IS VERY FACT-SPECIFIC, AGENCY ETHICS OFFICIALS SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OGE DESK OFFICER BEFORE ADVISING EMPLOYEES ON THIS TOPIC.”

Critics of the note change had said this opens the door up to lobbyists and other prohibited sources funding legal defenses for employees currently working in the White House.