Lobbying

Colorado: “Colorado Lobbying Income Likely to Set a Record This Year” by Arthur Kane for Colorado Watchdog

Virginia: “Plastic Tumblers, a Night at Dad’s House Top Gifts in Post-McDonnell Richmond” by Laura Vozzella for Washington Post

Campaign Finance

“Revenge of Citizens United” by Kenneth Vogel and Tarini Parti for Politico

New York: “Bipartisan Group Sues to Close New York’s Corporate Donation Loophole” by Jesse McKinley for New York Times

Ethics

Minnesota: “Lobbyist Accuses Hastings Lawmaker of Defamation in Lawsuit” by David Montgomery for St. Paul Pioneer Press

Ohio: “Columbus Cancels Red-Light Camera Contract after Bribe Investigation” by Lucas Sullivan for Columbus Dispatch

Pennsylvania: “Ex-Mayor of Pennsylvania’s Capital Charged with Corruption” by Marc Levy and Mark Scolforo (Associated Press) for Albany Times Union

Redistricting

Florida: “One of America’s Weirdest Congressional Districts Has Just Been Trashed by the Florida Supreme Court” by Michael Miller and Nick Kirkpatrick for Washington Post

Lobbying

“Lobbyists Decamp for Capitol Hill Jobs” by Megan Wilson for The Hill

Tennessee: “Lobbyist: Armstrong paid to help wholesaler” by Jamie Satterfield for Knoxville News Sentinel

Utah: “Utah Cities Turning to Lobbyists as Their Lifeline to the Legislature” by Dan Harrie for Salt Lake Tribune

Virginia: “Lobbyists Spend Less on Lawmakers in Wake of McDonnell Trial” by Jim Nolan (Richmond Times Dispatch) for Roanoke Times

Campaign Finance

Florida: “Miami Beach Commission Bickers over $`1 Million in Donations to New Political Committee” by Joey Flechas for Miami Herald

New Jersey: “Federal Case Could Impact New Jersey Pay-to-Play Limits” by Jeff Brindle (New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission) for PolitickerNJ

Washington: “Taxpayer Financed Campaign Proposal, with ‘Democracy Vouchers,’ Wins a Place Seattle’s Fall Ballot” by Joel Connelly for Seattle Post-Intelligencer

Ethics

North Carolina: “NC Election Board Member’s Firm Worked for Target of Probe” by Michael Biesecker and Mitch Weiss (Associated Press) for WRAL

Pennsylvania: “What FBI Was After in Allentown City Hall Investigation” by Emily Opilo and Matt Assad for Allentown Morning Call

Lobbying

“A Year after Rocky Merger, Patton Boggs Aims to Re-Establish K Street Dominance” by Catherine Ho for Washington Post

Colorado: “Spend, Don’t Tell: Special interests influence lawmakers, but remain tight lipped” by Arthur Kane for Colorado Watchdog

Campaign Finance

Illinois: “Some Republicans Not Cashing Checks from Rauner” by Kurt Erickson and Joshua Maddox for Bloomington Pantagraph

Nebraska: “As Cost of Running for State Office Increases, Some Say It’s Time for a Fresh look at Campaign Spending” by Paul Hammel for Omaha World-Herald

Ethics

Georgia: “Gift Rules for State Employees Mostly Ignored, Observers Say” by Walter Jones (Morris News Service) for Savannah Morning News

New York: “Trial to Begin for Thomas Libous, New York Senator Whose Son Was Convicted” by Thomas Kaplan for New York Times

Pennsylvania: “FBI Raid on Reading City Hall Is Second in a Week” by Jeremy Roebuck for Philadelphia Inquirer

Wisconsin: “Vos: Time to ‘double down’ on GAB reform in wake of reported IRS links” by M.D. Kittle for Wisconsin Watchdog

Elections

“One of the Last In, Scott Walker Enters 2016 Presidential Race near the Top of the GOP Field” by Jenna Johnson for Washington Post

Lobbying

Oklahoma: “Oklahoma Lobbying Disclosures Lag Behind Other States” by Arthur Kane for Oklahoma Watchdog

Campaign Finance

“High-Dollar Fundraising Makes Comeback, Raising Concerns about Bribery” by Eliza Newlin Carney for Roll Call

Ethics

“Supreme Court Justices Bolstered by Free Travel, Royalties, Rental Income” by Reity O’Brien for Center for Public Integrity

Florida: “Ethics Panel: Hialeah mayor lied about loans to convicted Ponzi schemer” by Jay Weaver for Miami Herald

Georgia: “Suspended DeKalb CEO Ellis Sentenced To 18 Months in Prison” by Michell Eloy for WABE

Louisiana: “Ethics Report on New Orleans: Lots of progress since Katrina, but long way to go” by Richard Rainey for New Orleans Times-Picayune

Texas: “Texas AG Figures in Federal Securities Probe” by Jim Vertuno and Paul Webber (Associated Press) for Albuquerque Journal

Virginia: “Bob McDonnell Loses Appeal over Public Corruption Convictions” by Matt Zapotosky for Washington Post

Elections

“GOP Leaders Fear Damage to Party’s Image as Donald Trump Doubles Down” by Karen Tumulty, Philip Rucker, and Robert Costa for Washington Post

National:

Is This Cold, Rural State Home to the Nation’s Healthiest Democracy?
Washington Post – Niraj Chokshi | Published: 7/7/2015

After taking 22 factors into account – including broad access to voting, equal representation in state government, and a limited concentration of influence over the political system – Maine’s democracy ranks healthiest in the nation, according to the Center for American Progress Action Fund. Alabama’s was weakest, though all states are far from perfect. “One of the messages throughout this report is that every state has room to improve,” said Lauren Harmon, the report’s author. The study noted that restricting influence over the political system is a particularly weak area. A dozen states have no limits on campaign contributions. Just 15 states offer public campaign financing, while 37 require some waiting period between leaving office and taking a lobbying job.

The Most Liberal and Conservative CEOs
Yahoo Finance – Rick Newman | Published: 7/8/2015

Many chief executive officers of major corporations donate money across the political spectrum for pragmatic business reasons rather than personal ideological ones. Crowdpac analyzed campaign contributions from CEOs of the 100 largest public U.S. companies to find out just how liberal or conservative these executives really are.

Washington Gridlock Drives Lobby Shops to Focus on State Policy Battles
Washington Post – Catherine Ho | Published: 7/7/2015

As getting anything done in Washington, D.C. has become increasingly difficult, K Street-based lobbying firms are trying their luck representing clients seeking changes on a state rather than federal level. The idea of pivoting to capture state-level work is not new. But some lobbyists say it is taking on increased importance now that policy fights over some of the biggest issues are moving more quickly at the local level.

Federal:

Court Upholds Ban on Contractor Political Contributions
New York Times; Associated Press –   | Published: 7/7/2015

A federal court upheld a longstanding prohibition on contractors making political contributions, handing a rare win to proponents of stronger campaign finance restrictions. The ban applies to individuals, corporations, and firms that are negotiating or working under federal contracts. While doing do, they cannot give money to federal candidates, parties, or committees. Chief Judge Merrick Garland of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit said recent corruption scandals involving members of Congress point to the continuing danger of “quid pro quo” corruption. He agreed with the FEC that the law protects the integrity of merit-based government contracting.

GOP Leaders Fear Damage to Party’s Image as Donald Trump Doubles Down
Washington Post – Karen Tumulty, Philip Rucker, and Robert Costa | Published: 7/8/2015

Republican National Committee Chairperson Reince Priebus, faced with growing pressure from inside the party to quiet Donald Trump, called the provocative presidential candidate recently and asked him to speak in more measured tones. Days of round-the-clock cable news coverage of Trump’s incendiary claims about criminals coming across the border from Mexico forced Priebus to show alarmed Republicans that he was taking action. But the call also highlighted the limits of what could be done to rein in Trump.

Here Are the Secret Ways Super PACs and Campaigns Can Work Together
Washington Post – Matea Gold | Published: 7/6/2015

For the first time, nearly every top presidential hopeful has a personalized super PAC that can raise unlimited sums and is run by close associates or former aides. The widespread cooperation, which many campaign finance experts say stretches the legal boundaries, indicates that candidates and their advisers have little fear they will face serious scrutiny from law enforcement, despite the Justice Department’s successful prosecution this year of a campaign operative for illegal coordination. One main reason is that under FEC rules, there is no wall dividing candidates and independent groups. In practice, it is more like a one-way mirror, with a telephone on each side for occasional calls.

I.R.S. Expected to Stand Aside as Nonprofits Increase Role in 2016 Race
New York Times – Eric Lichtblau | Published: 7/5/2015

Regulators at the IRS appear certain to delay trying to curb campaign finance abuses at nonprofits until after the 2016 election. Agency officials concede the rules for nonprofit groups are vague and difficult to enforce. Audits for excessive campaign work are extremely rare, even for groups spending huge chunks of their budgets to support candidates. The IRS remains wounded by the scandal that began two years ago over its scrutiny of nonprofits tied to the tea party and other political causes, both conservative and liberal. “It’s anything goes for the next couple of years …,” said Paul Streckfus, a former nonprofit specialist at the IRS.

From the States and Municipalities:

California – Aide to California Senate Leader Accepted Pot Gifts from Marijuana Lobbyist
BuzzFeed News – Amanda Lewis | Published: 7/8/2015

Ethics experts said a California Democratic Party staffer did not violate disclosure laws by accepting edible marijuana and an e-cigarette filled with hash oil from a lobbyist for the marijuana industry. The aide, Josh Drayton, works for the party’s Senate Democrats on political campaigns. BuzzFeed News   reported that after accepting the gifts, Drayton said Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de Leon needed to learn more about marijuana. Lawmakers and employees of the Senate are subject to gift reporting and limits. Drayton, however, is exempt because he is not employed by the Senate but by the party, said Gary Winuk, a former enforcement chief at the Fair Political Practices Commission.

Hawaii – How Hawaii Lawmakers Spend Up to $13,000 a Year – Each
Honolulu Civil Beat – Nathan Eagle | Published: 7/8/2015

Many Hawaii lawmakers have been less than thrilled with state Ethics Commission Executive Director Les Kondo’s strict opinions on what gifts they are allowed to accept from lobbyists, or what events they can attend with complimentary tickets. Legislative allowances have been another sore point. But a review of nearly $4 million in state lawmakers’ expenses over the past four years shows they are changing their habits based on the commission’s advice even if they do not like it, including not billing taxpayers for their dry cleaning or charitable donations.

Missouri – More Questions than Answers in Intern Investigation at Mo. Capitol
St. Louis Post-Dispatch – Alex Stuckey | Published: 7/6/2015

In March, two interns abruptly left Missouri Sen. Paul LeVota’s office. But since then, the University of Central Missouri launched a Title IX investigation and the Senate began its own investigation and hired an attorney to assist with a “workplace harassment complaint.” Meanwhile, it appears unlikely the university, or even the Senate, could inflict punishment if wrongdoing has taken place. History has shown that harassment in the Capitol is rarely reported and difficult to prove.

New Hampshire – New Hampshire Voters Bemoan Size of G.O.P. Field
New York Times – Patrick Healy and Maggie Haberman | Published: 7/4/2015

The likely field of 16 Republican candidates is stirring frustration in New Hampshire, particularly among voters who say they feel more overwhelmed, even ambivalent, than ever before about their long-cherished responsibilities in holding the nation’s first primary. Some voters said they were already dreading the weeks of political fliers stuffed in their mailboxes, of campaign volunteers at their doors during the day, and of television ads and automated phone calls all through the night. Others said they already had candidate fatigue.

Oklahoma – Ethics Commission to Crack Down on Late Campaign Filers
Tulsa World – Curtis Killman | Published: 7/3/2015

The Oklahoma Ethics Commission approved a series of new and increased fees designed to help the agency go after late filers. The new fees, coupled with a boost in state funding, should provide enough revenue to permit the agency to hire two new staff members dedicated to compliance, said commission Executive Director Lee Slater. The new staff will assist with the collection of late filing fees assessed to candidate committees, PACs, and other entities charged with disclosing campaign finance activities.

Oklahoma – House Freshmen, Senate Leadership Accept Thousands in Lobbyist Meals, Gifts
Oklahoma Watchdogs – Arthur Kane | Published: 7/8/2015

Lobbyists in Oklahoma lobbyists spent more than $300,000 this year on meals, gifts, and receptions for state lawmakers. Lobbyists spent the most on mass events for large groups of legislators. Those parties and caucus meals cost nearly $170,000. Rep. Casey Murdock received nearly $2,900 in meals and gifts, the most of any member of the Legislature. Murdock said being courted by lobbyists is not as glamorous as some may assume. “I’m looking forward to next year when I won’t be a freshman and won’t have to go to many dinners,” Murdock said. “It gets old. Often you’re not the least bit interested in what they’re selling and you’re going through the motions.”

South Carolina – South Carolina House Votes to Remove Confederate Flag from Statehouse Grounds
Washington Post – Elahe Izade and Abby Phillip | Published: 7/9/2015

The Confederate battle flag that has flown at the South Carolina Statehouse for more than 50 years will soon be gone after lawmakers capped a tension-filled session and voted to remove it from the Capitol grounds. The final vote in the House of Representatives was well above the two-thirds majority that was required to move the bill toward the desk of Gov. Nikki Haley, who called for the flag to come down after the massacre at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston. Photographs emerged of the now-indicted shooter, an avowed white supremacist, posing with the emblem. Advocates for the flag’s removal say it represents a racist legacy and a dark chapter in the nation’s history, while defenders insist it symbolizes Southern heritage and honors fallen soldiers.

State and Federal Communications produces a weekly summary of national news, offering more than 60 articles per week focused on ethics, lobbying, and campaign finance.

Campaign Finance

“Prison Inmate Forms Super PAC” by Carrie Levine for Center for Public Integrity

“It Only Took Five Months for Billionaire GOP Donors to Set New Records” by Paul Blumenthal for Huffington Post

“House Lawmakers Seek to Reform FEC Ahead of 2016” by Cristina Marcos for The Hill

“Christie’s 2016 Finance Team Includes Big N.J. Contractors” by Matt Friedman (NJ Advance Media) for Newark Star-Ledger

Ethics

California: “Ex-State Sen. Leland Yee Pleads Guilty to Racketeering in Corruption Case” by Lee Romney for Los Angeles Times

Minnesota: “McNamara Says He’s Filing Ethics Complaint against Park Lobbyist” by Steve Brandt for Minneapolis Star Tribune

New Mexico: “High Court Rules New Mexico Investment Suits Constitutional” by The Associated Press for Lexington Herald-Leader

New York: “Ex-N.Y. State Senator Gets Seven Years in Prison for Bribery” by Tom Hays (Associated Press) for Albany Times Union

Oregon: “How Much Pot Can Lawmakers Receive as a Gift? Oregon Democrat Has Some Advice” by Denis Theriault for Portland Oregonian

Texas: “John Wiley Price Associates Enter Guilty Pleas, Agree to Testify” by Kevin Krause and Ed Timms for Dallas Morning News

Campaign Finance

“Big Labor Targets Steyer, Soros in Massive 2016 Fundraising Effort” by Kenneth Vogel and Brian Mahoney for Politico

“Gridlocked Elections Watchdog Goes Two Years without Top Lawyer” by Dave Levinthal for Center for Public Integrity

“What You Need to Know about Super PAC Compliance” by Brad Crate for Campaign & Elections

Ethics

“Supreme Court Won’t Hear Jailed Congressman’s Appeal” by Mike DeBonis for Washington Post

“Alan Grayson Hedge Funds Skirt Ethics Rule” by Matt Dixon for Politico

Hawaii: “Honolulu Ethics Commission Needs to Scrap Its New Anti-Media Policy” by the Editorial Board for Honolulu Civil Beat

Missouri: “FBI Asking Officials Whether Diehl Helped Consultant Get Contract” by Virginia Young for St. Louis Post-Dispatch

Elections

“Why Television Is Still King for Campaign Spending” by Derek Willis for New York Times

“Chris Christie Enters Presidential Race” by Michael Barbaro for New York Times

Lobbying

“Lobbying Typos and Misdemeanors” by James Panichi for Politico

“How Marco Rubio Turned Political Star Power into a Soaring Personal Income” by Tom Hamburger and Sean Sullivan for Washington Post

Ohio: “Lobbyist a Constant in Columbus’ Politics” by Mark Ferenchik and Lucas Sullivan for Columbus Dispatch

Virginia: “With McAuliffe in Office, Old Friends Find New Opportunities” by Alan Suderman (Associated Press) for Lexington Herald-Leader

Campaign Finance

“Bernie Sanders Doesn’t Follow the Money” by Tarini Parti and Jonathan Topaz for Politico

“Money Talks, Especially during Legislative Sessions” by Madison Russ for Philadelphia Inquirer

Ethics

Maine: “Combative Maine Governor Becomes a Party of One” by Katherine Seelye for New York Times

New Jersey: “Backlog of Local N.J. Ethics Cases Fosters Frustration” by Nicholas Pugliese for Bergen Record

Pennsylvania: “Lack of Funding for State Ethics Commission Invites Corruption, Experts Worry” by Kari Andren for Pittsburgh Tribune-Review

Redistricting

“Justices Rule 5-4 That Independent Panels Can Draw Election District Lines” by Robert Barnes for Washington Post

Lobbying

New York: “IG: State vendor lavished OMIG director with gifts, booze” by Brendan Lyons for Albany Times Union

Wisconsin: “Madison City Council Member Will Seek to Ban Registered Lobbyists from Serving on City Committees” by Dean Mosiman for Wisconsin State Journal

Campaign Finance

“W.H., Watchdogs Rail against ‘Dark Money’ Provision Tucked into House Bill” by Tom Hamburger for Washington Post

Connecticut: “Election Panel Will Take Democrats to Court over Malloy Campaign” by Ken Dixon for Connecticut Post

Montana: “Montana Moves to Reveal Corporate Campaign Spending” by Alison Noon and Matt Volz (Associated Press) for New York Times

Ethics

Hawaii: “Honolulu Ethics Commission to Director Chuck Totto: Shut up” by Nick Grube for Honolulu Civil Beat

New York: “Former Friend Testifies as Obstruction Trial Begins for Brooklyn State Senator” by Stephanie Clifford for New York Times

Texas: “Abbott Emails Predicted Ethics Reform Failure” by Jay Root for Texas Tribune

Utah: “Audit: Utah A.G.’s office needs clearer whistleblower protection, ethics guides” by Robert Gehrke for Salt Lake Tribune

Elections

“Why Is The GOP Presidential Field So Large in 2016?” by James Pindell for Boston Globe

Lobbying

Hawaii: “Former Lobbyist Who Wined and Dined Council Members Now Vice Chair of Key Panel” by Keoki Kerr for Hawaii News Now

Nebraska: “Common Cause Complaint against Former Senator Dismissed” by Joanne Young for Lincoln Journal Star

Campaign Finance

“This Chart Seemingly Proves How Wrong I Am about Money in Politics” by Chris Cillizza for Washington Post

“Cannabis Industry Flexes Its New Political Muscle” by Conrad Wilson for Oregon Public Broadcasting

Ethics

“Calls to Drop Confederate Emblems Spread Nationwide” by Campbell Robertson, Monica Davey, and Julie Bosman for New York Times

California: “Lawmakers’ Calendars List Meetings with Undercover Agents” by Judy Lin (Associated Press) for San Diego Union Tribune

Kentucky: “Kentucky Legislature Resolves Sexual Harassment Lawsuit” by Adam Beam (Associated Press) for Lexington Herald-Leader

Elections

“Bobby Jindal Announces Entry into 2016 Presidential Race” by David Fahrenthold and James Hohmann for Washington Post

“Democratic Super PAC to Take on Koch Brothers” by Maggie Haberman for New York Times

Lobbying

Rhode Island: “Edward Fitzpatrick: A final test for R.I. General Assembly on lobbying law” by Edward Fitzpatrick for Providence Journal

Campaign Finance

“Can Unlimited Contributions to Political Parties Really Reduce Polarization?” by Lee Drutman for Washington Post

“Will Doug Hughes Do Hard Time for Embarrassing Congress?” by Hannah Hess for Roll Call

Ethics

“Council of Conservative Citizens Promotes White Primacy, and G.O.P. Ties” by Michael Wines and Lizette Alvarez for New York Times

“House Ethics Panel Extends Review of Azerbaijan Trip, Slams Leaks” by Rachel Roubein for National Review

Kentucky: “Former Pike Lawmaker Had Mine Inspector in ‘His Back Pocket,’ Prosecutor Says as Bribery Trial Begins” by John Cheves for Lexington Herald-Leader

Oregon: “Kate Brown Gets Her Wish: Last of her ethics reforms win approval” by Denis Theriault for Portland Oregonian

Pennsylvania: “Philly Elections Chief Clark Agrees to Pay $4G Ethics Fine” by Chris Hepp for Philadelphia Inquirer

Virginia: “Marsh Returns Money from Golf Outing” by Jim Nolan for Richmond Times-Dispatch

Lobbying

“Lobbyists: Easy target, easy touch” by Tarini Parti for Politico

Florida: “How Some of Florida’s Top Lobbyists Produce Blockbuster Budget Results” by Peter Schorsch for SaintPetersBlog

Idaho: “Lobbying at the Capitol: Should Idaho state employees have to register under the law?” by Bill Dentzer for Idaho Statesman

New Mexico: “Transparency-Pushing Nonprofit Discloses Donors” by Heath Haussamen for NMPolitics

Campaign Finance

“Don Young Raises Money in Puerto Rico, Then Holds Hearing” by Anna Palmer, John Bresnahan, and Jake Sherman for Politico

Utah: “Feds: Jeremy Johnson skirted campaign finance laws in contributions to Shurtleff, Lee, Reid” by Ben Lockhart for Deseret News

Ethics

Missouri: “Police Report Reveals Past Diehl Affair with Nixon Staffer” by Virginia Young for St. Louis Post-Dispatch

Ohio: “Former Traffic Camera Exec Admits to Bribing Officials in Columbus, Cincinnati” by Jeremy Pelzer (Northeast Ohio Media Group) for Cleveland Plain Dealer

South Carolina: “Nikki Haley, South Carolina Governor, Calls for Removal of Confederate Battle Flag” by Frances Robles, Richard Fausset, and Michael Barbaro for New York Times

Lobbying

Arkansas: “Ethics Panel Issues Opinion on Lobbyist Gifts” by John Lyon for Arkansas News

Campaign Finance

“White Supremacist Leader Was a Political Donor” by Nick Gass for Politico

Kansas: “No Charges Filed after Federal Probe into Election Loans to Brownback’s Campaign” by Peter Hancock for Lawrence Journal World

Massachusetts: “Invitation to Political Fundraiser Might Skirt Ethics Laws” by Frank Phillips for Boston Globe

North Carolina: “NC Sen. Hartsell’s Campaign Finance Case Referred to Prosecutors” by Lynn Bonner for Raleigh News & Observer

Ethics

New York: “In Corruption Cases, Speculation Undermines Justice” by Richard Lipsky for Albany Times Union

Oregon: “Oregon Impeachment Resolution Expected to Die in Senate” by Dennis Theriault for Portland Oregonian

Tennessee: “State Rep. Joe Armstrong Indicted” by Richard Locker for Memphis Commercial Appeal

Texas: “Abbott Vetoes Spousal Loophole” by Jay Root for Texas Tribune

Washington: “Rachel Dolezal Told to Quit 2nd Post” by Kirk Johnson for New York Times

Lobbying

“Where the Billions Spent on Lobbying Come From, in Maps” by Philip Bump for Washington Post

Texas: “Ethics Commission Seeks to Force Empower Texans to Turn over Records” by Tim Eaton for Austin American-Statesman

Campaign Finance

“State and Local Bills Try to Rein in Political Spending” by Tarini Parti for Politico

“Jeb Bush’s Smooth Money Machine” by Anna Palmer and Tarini Parti for Politico

California: “Tow Company Campaign Trickery Alleged” by Jeff McDonald for San Diego Union-Tribune

Ethics

Kentucky: “John Schaaf to Head Kentucky Legislative Ethics Commission” by The Associated Press for Connecticut Post

Oklahoma: “State Ethics Commission to Investigate Sen. Rick Brinkley” by Nolan Clay for The Oklahoman

Oregon: “Kate Brown Signs First of Her Ethics Bills, Calling for Public Records Audit” by Denis Theriault for Portland Oregonian

Pennsylvania: “Some Critical That Officials Caught in Sting Keep State Pensions” by Craig McCoy and Angela Couloumbis for Philadelphia Inquirer

Utah: “Ex-A.G. Mark Shurtleff Defers Evidence Hearing; Prosecutors Amend Charges” by Dennis Romboy for Deseret News

Elections

“Donald Trump Runs for President (This Time for Real, He Says)” by Alexander Burns for New York Times